
Greg D. Field Laboratory
Visual Processing and Retinal Circuits
Understanding neural computation in the retina

Greg D. Field, Ph.D.
Associate Professor
- Fran and Ray Stark Chair of Ophthalmology
- Department of Ophthalmology
- Assistant Director of Research
- Director, Live Imaging and Functional Evaluation Core
- Jules Stein Eye Institute
The Field laboratory investigates how neural circuits in the retina process visual information and adapt to different environmental conditions. Our research combines electrophysiology, imaging, and computational approaches to understand the fundamental principles of retinal computation.
Research Focus Areas:
- Neural circuits for motion processing
- Adaptation to different light levels
- Parallel processing in retinal pathways
- Computational models of retinal function
- Visual signal processing and encoding
Our research aims to understand how the retina performs complex computations and adapts to changing environmental conditions. This work provides insights into both fundamental principles of neural computation and potential therapeutic strategies for vision restoration.
Lab Members
Postdoctoral Scholars

Maya Alexandra Carleton
Postdoctoral Fellow
Maya is a postdoctoral researcher in the Field lab. Her current research interests focus on understanding how the retina allocates energy for encoding visual signals and how it may be perturbed in disease.

Alejandro Gallego-Ortega(him)
Postdoctoral Scholar
My research focuses on understanding how retinal diseases, particularly glaucoma, affect the structure and function of retinal ganglion cells, the neurons responsible for transmitting visual information from the retina to the brain. I am particularly interested in how changes in dendritic architecture relate to alterations in their receptive fields—the regions of the visual field that influence neuronal responses to visual stimuli—and how these structural and functional changes may contribute to visual dysfunction in glaucoma.

Huakun Li(he/him)
Postdoctoral Scholar
Huakun Li is a postdoctoral scholar in the Field Lab. He is passionate about developing state-of-the-art functional interrogation platforms to advance retinal physiology research.
Graduate Students

Nilou Ghazavi(she/her)
PhD Candidate
Nilou is interested in understanding how different retinal ganglion cell (RGC) types contribute to downstream visual processing and perception. Her research focuses on developing a computational framework to design visual stimuli that can selectively manipulate the activity of specific RGC types.

Marija Rudzite
PhD Candidate
I'm a “bi-coastal” graduate student at Duke Neurobiology Ph.D. program working with the Sommer Lab to understand what visual signals the retina sends to different brain regions. I'm also interested in how the synaptic organization of retinal circuits relates to mathematical descriptions of neural code and visual processing. As a training retinal physiologist, I spend most of my time in the dark, but when I do see the light, I love to be outside hiking, gardening, or biking.
Staff Research Associates

Bryant A. Cruz(He/Him/His)
Staff Research Associate
Bryant studies how the retina adapts to different light intensities in the natural environment by developing custom camera systems for mice and primates that mimic their visual perception, capturing the statistical properties of naturalistic light changes. This work uses computational and statistical analyses of visual environments to uncover principles underlying the organization of the retina and visual system. Bryant also contributes to generating and characterizing a mouse model of Autosomal Dominant Optic Atrophy (ADOA), employing immunohistochemistry techniques to validate that the model faithfully recapitulates key features of the disease.

Anushka Narasani(she/her)
Lab Assistant I
Anushka is researching morphological diversity in retinal ganglion cells that project to the superior colliculus, and computational tools to analyze and classify those cells.

Yasmine Tani
Staff Research Associate
Yasmine studies different ways to analyze the responses of retinal ganglion cells to varying stimuli, using multi-electrode array recordings. She is particulary interested in contributing to robust analysis pipelines for comparing electrophysiological experiments at different light levels.
Undergraduate Students

Kishan Talati(he/him)
Undergraduate
Kishan studies the dendritic morphology of retinal ganglion cells in primates through the tracing and analysis of confocal images.
Varsha Venkataraman(she/her)
Undergraduate
Varsha studies retinal ganglion cell morphology in primate models, using neuron tracing, confocal microscopy, and histology to characterize and classify cell types.
Recent Publications
Designing stimuli for non-invasive, cell-type-specific manipulation of retinal ganglion cell activity
Niloufar Ghazavi, Saad Idrees, Vyom Manish Raval, Michael B. Manookin, Fred Rieke, Greg D. Field, Joel Zylberberg
2026
View PublicationProjection targeting with phototagging to study the structure and function of retinal ganglion cells
Martin O. Bohlen, Andra M. Rudzite, Tierney B. Daw, Genevieve M. Kuczewski, Ergi Spiro, Cassie Hammond, …, Greg D. Field, et al.
CELL REPORTS METHODS (2026)
View PublicationRetinal ganglion cell function: ON and OFF pathways.
GREG D. FIELD
Handbook of clinical neurology (2026)
View PublicationDecomposition of retinal ganglion cell electrical images for cell type and functional inference
Eric G Wu, Andra M Rudzite, Martin O Bohlen, Peter H Li, Alexandra Kling, Sam Cooler, …, Greg D Field, et al.
JOURNAL OF NEURAL ENGINEERING (2025)
View PublicationAuthor Correction: Biophysical neural adaptation mechanisms enable artificial neural networks to capture dynamic retinal computation
Saad Idrees, Michael B. Manookin, Fred Rieke, Greg D. Field, Joel Zylberberg
Nature Communications (2025)
View PublicationIdentification of cell-type-specific cis-regulatiory modules (CRMs) in the primate retina
MOLECULAR THERAPY (2025)
Biophysical neural adaptation mechanisms enable artificial neural networks to capture dynamic retinal computation
Saad Idrees, Michael B. Manookin, Fred Rieke, Greg D. Field, Joel Zylberberg
Nature Communications (2024)
View PublicationDART.2: bidirectional synaptic pharmacology with thousandfold cellular specificity
Brenda C. Shields, Haidun Yan, Shaun S. X. Lim, Sasha C. V. Burwell, Celine M. Cammarata, Elizabeth A. Fleming, …, Greg D. Field, et al.
NATURE METHODS (2024)
View PublicationPopulation encoding of stimulus features along the visual hierarchy
Luciano Dyballa, Andra M. Rudzite, Mahmood S. Hoseini, Mishek Thapa, Michael P. Stryker, Greg D. Field, Steven W. Zucker
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2024)
View PublicationGABAergic Inhibition Controls Receptive Field Size, Sensitivity, and Contrast Preference of Direction Selective Retinal Ganglion Cells Near the Threshold of Vision
Suva Roy, Xiaoyang Yao, Jay Rathinavelu, Greg D. Field
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE (2024)
View Publication